Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your September 18 shopping experience:

1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the September 18 offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of September 18 at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.

2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about

3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a September 18? Wrong! If the September 18 is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.

4. Questions - Got a question about September 18 then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....

5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling September 18? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about September 18 and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.

6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your September 18 wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.

7. Feedback - happy with your September 18 then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.

8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the September 18 site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site

9. Contact - got a question about September 18, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.

10. Payment - ready to pay for your September 18, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.

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Events

• 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated.
• 324 - Constantine the Great decisively defeats Licinius in the Battle of Chrysopolis, establishing Constantine's sole control over the Roman Empire.
• 1180 - Philip Augustus becomes king of France.
• 1454 - In the Battle of Chojnice, the Poland army is defeated by Teutonic Knights army during the Thirteen Years' War.
• 1502 - Christopher Columbus lands at Costa Rica on his fourth, and final, voyage.
• 1544 - Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and Francis I of France sign peace treaty (Truce of Crepy-en-Laonnois)
• 1573 - Spain attack on Alkmaar.
• 1615 - Thomas Row, the first British messenger came to India.
• 1635 - Emperor Ferdinand II declares war on France.
• 1679 - New Hampshire becomes a county of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
• 1739 - The Treaty of Belgrade is signed, ceding Belgrade to the Ottoman Empire.
• 1759 - The Kingdom of Great Britain capture Quebec City.
• 1793 - The first cornerstone of the United States Capitol is laid by George Washington.
• 1809 - Royal Opera House in London opens.
• 1810 - Primera Junta in Chile. Though supposed to rule only in the absence of the king, it was in fact the first step towards independence from Spain, and it is commemorated as such.
• 1812 - Fire of Moscow (1812) fades down after destroying more than three quarters of the city. Napoleon returns from Petrovsky Palace to Moscow Kremlin, spared from the fire.
• 1830 - A horse beats the first U.S.-made locomotive in a race near Baltimore.
• 1837 - Tiffany and Co. (first named Tiffany & Young) is founded by Charles Lewis Tiffany and John B. Young in New York City, New York. The store was called a "stationery and fancy goods emporium".
• 1838 - Anti-Corn Law League established by Richard Cobden.
• 1850 - The Congress of the United States passes the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850.
• 1851 - The New-York Daily Times, which will become The New York Times, begins publishing.
• 1863 - American Civil War: Battle of Chickamauga.
• 1872 - King Oscar II of Sweden accedes to the throne of Sweden-Norway.
• 1873 - The Panic of 1873 begins.
• 1879 - Blackpool illuminations were switched on for the first time.
• 1882 - Pacific Stock Exchange opens.
• 1885 - Riots break out in Montreal to protest compulsory smallpox vaccination.
• 1895 - Booker T Washington delivers "Atlanta Compromise" address.
• 1895 - Daniel David Palmer gives the first chiropractic adjustment.
• 1898 - Fashoda Incident - Horatio Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener ships reach Fashoda, Sudan.
• 1906 - A typhoon with tsunami kills an estimated 10,000 people in Hong Kong.
• 1910 - In Amsterdam, 25,000 demonstrate for general suffrage.
• 1911 - Russian Premier Peter Stolypin shot at the Kiev Opera House
• 1911 - All workers go on general strike in Valencia, Spain
• 1914 - The Home Rule Act 1914 becomes law, but is delayed until after World War I.
• 1914 - World War I: South African troops land in German South West Africa.
• 1919 - The Netherlands gives women the right to vote.
• 1919 - Fritz Pollard becomes the first African-American to play professional Football (American) for a major team, the Akron Pros.
• 1922 - Hungary admitted to League of Nations.
• 1927 - Columbia Broadcasting System goes on the air.
• 1928 - Juan de la Cierva makes first autogyro crossing of the English Channel.
• 1931 - The Mukden Incident gives Japan the pretext to invade and occupy Manchuria.
• 1932 - Actress Peg Entwistle commits suicide by jumping from the letter "H" in the Hollywood sign.
• 1934 - USSR admitted to League of Nations.
• 1939 - World War II: Poland government of Ignacy Mościcki flees to Romania.
• 1939 - William Joyce first Nazi propaganda broadcast.
• 1940 - World War II: Italy troops conquer Sidi Barrani.
• 1942 - Canadian Broadcasting Corporation authorized.
• 1943 - World War II: The Jews of Minsk are massacred at Sobibór.
• 1943 - World War II: Adolf Hitler orders deportation of Denmark Jews.
• 1944 - World War II: United Kingdom submarine HMS Tradewind torpedoes Junyō Maru, 5,600 killed.
• 1945 - Gen. Douglas MacArthur moves his command headquarters to Tokyo.
• 1945 - In Gary, Indiana, 1000 whites walk out of schools to protest integration.
• 1947 - The United States Air Force becomes an independent service.
• 1947 - Country singers Ernest Tubb and Roy Acuff perform at Carnegie Hall in New York City, making it the venue's first country performance.
• 1948 - Communist Madiun uprising in Dutch Indies.
• 1948 - Margaret Chase Smith becomes the first woman elected to the United States Senate without completing another senator's term when she defeats Democratic Party of the United States opponent Adrian Scolten.
• 1948 - Ralph Bunche confirmed as acting UN mediator for Palestine and Israel.
• 1948 - Yoni Abramski, 12-year-old Israeli boy, shot and killed by Jordanian sniper in Jerusalem.
• 1959 - Vanguard 3 launched into Earth orbit.
• 1960 - Fidel Castro arrives in New York City as the head of the Cuba delegation to the United Nations.
• 1961 - U.N. Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld dies in a plane crash while attempting to negotiate peace in the war-torn Katanga Province region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
• 1962 - Rwanda, Burundi and Jamaica admitted to the United Nations.
• 1963 - The last game at the Polo Grounds is played.
• 1964 - Constantine II of Greece marries Queen Anne-Marie of Greece.
• 1964 - North Vietnamese Army begins infiltration of South Vietnam.
• 1967 - Esporte Clube Santo André, of Brazil, is founded.
• 1970 - Jimi Hendrix found dead in his basement in London.
• 1972 - First Uganda expelled by Idi Amin arrive in the UK.
• 1973 - East Germany and West Germany are admitted to the United Nations.
• 1974 - Hurricane Fifi strikes Honduras with 110 mph winds, killing 5,000 people.
• 1975 - Patty Hearst is arrested after a year on the FBI Most Wanted List.
• 1976 - Mao Tse Tung's funeral takes place in Beijing.
• 1977 - Voyager I takes 1st space photograph of Earth & Moon together.
• 1978 - Leaders of Israel and Egypt reach a settlement for the Middle East at Camp David.
• 1980 - Soyuz 38 carries 2 cosmonauts (1 Cubans) to Salyut 6.
• 1981 - Assemblée Nationale votes to abolish capital punishment in France
• 1982 - Christian militia begin massacre of 600 Palestinians in Lebanon.
• 1983 - Rock band Kiss (band) unmasks for the first time in an appearance on MTV to coincide with the release of new album Lick It Up.
• 1984 - Joe Kittinger completes first solo balloon crossing of the Atlantic.
• 1987 - Ronald Reagan announces joint destruction of nuclear warheads by USA and USSR.
• 1988 - End of 8888 Uprising in Myanmar after a bloody military coup by the State Law and Order Restoration Council. Thousands, mostly monks and civilians (primarily students) were killed by the Myanmar Armed Forces.
• 1989 - Hurricane Hugo hits Puerto Rico, killing six.
• 1990 - Liechtenstein becomes a member of the United Nations.
• 1991 - Yugoslavia began a naval blockade of 7 Adriatic port cities.
• 1992 - An explosion rocks Giant Mine at the height of a labour dispute, killing 9 replacement workers.
• 1997 - U.S. media magnate Ted Turner donates USD $1 billion to the United Nations.
• 1997 - Voters in Wales vote yes (50.3%) on a referendum on Wales autonomy.
• 1998 - ICANN is formed.
• 2001 - First mailing of anthrax letters from Trenton, New Jersey, New Jersey in the 2001 anthrax attacks.
• 2002 - The body of missing schoolgirl Amanda Dowler is found in Yateley heath in Hampshire, ending a six-month search.
• 2003 - Hurricane Isabel makes landfall in the U.S.
• 2003 - The United Kingdom's Local Government Act 2003, repealing Section 28, receives Royal Assent.
• 2004 - Ford put Jaguar Racing and Cosworth up for sale.
• 2006 - Right wing protesters 2006_protests_in_Hungary#Riot_and_violence the buliding of the Magyar_Televízió in Budapest, Hungary, one day after an 2006_protests_in_Hungary#Audio_recording, on which Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsány admitted he and his Hungarian_Socialist_Party lied during the Hungarian_parliamentary_election%2C_2006.
• 2007 - Pervez Musharraf announces that he will step down as army chief and restore civilian rule to Pakistan, but only after he is re-elected president
• 2007 - Bhikkhu join anti-government protesters in Myanmar, starting what some call the 2007 Burmese anti-government protests

Births

• 53 - Trajan, Roman Emperor (d. 117)
• 1505 - Maria of Austria, wife of Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia (d. 1558)
• 1587 - Francesca Caccini, Italian composer (d. circa 1640)
• 1643 - Gilbert Burnet, Scottish Bishop of Salisbury (d. 1715)
• 1684 - Johann Gottfried Walther, German composer (d. 1748)
• 1709 - Samuel Johnson, English writer and lexicographer (d. 1784)
• 1718 - Nikita Ivanovich Panin, Russian statesman (d. 1783)
• 1733 - George Read (signer), signer of the United States Declaration of Independence (d. 1798)
• 1750 - Tomás de Iriarte y Oropesa, Spanish writer (d. 1791)
• 1752 - Adrien-Marie Legendre, French mathematician (d. 1833)
• 1765 - Pope Gregory XVI (d. 1846)
• 1779 - Joseph Story, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (d. 1845)
• 1786 - Justinus Kerner, German poet (d. 1862)
• 1812 - Herschel Vespasian Johnson, American politician (d. 1880)
• 1819 - Leon Foucault, French physicist (d. 1868)
• 1837 - Aires de Ornelas e Vasconcelos, (Portuguese) Archbishop of Goa (d. 1880)
• 1838 - Anton Mauve, Dutch artist (d. 1888)
• 1857 - John Hessin Clarke, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (d. 1945)
• 1859 - Lincoln Loy McCandless, American cattle rancher (d. 1940)
• 1858 - Kate Booth, the oldest daughter of William Booth and Catherine Booth (d. 1955)
• 1863 - Hermann Kutter, Swiss theologian (d. 1931)
• 1870 - Clark Wissler, American anthropologist (d. 1947)
• 1875 - Tomas Burgos, Chilean philanthropist (d.1945)
• 1876 - James Scullin, 9th Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1953)
• 1883 - Gerald Hugh Tyrwhitt-Wilson, British composer (d. 1950)
• 1889 - Doris Blackburn, Australian politician (d. 1970)
• 1893 - Arthur Benjamin, Australian composer (d. 1960)
• 1893 - William March, American writer (d. 1954)
• 1895 - Tomoji Tanabe, the oldest man in the world as of June 2007
• 1895 - John Diefenbaker, 13th Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1979)
• 1901 - Harold Clurman, American film producer (d. 1980)
• 1905 - Eddie Anderson (comedian), American actor (d. 1977)
• 1905 - Agnes de Mille, American choreographer (d. 1993)
• 1905 - Greta Garbo, Swedish actress (d. 1990)
• 1907 - Leon Askin, Austrian actor (d. 2005)
• 1907 - Edwin McMillan, Nobel Prize in Chemistry (d. 1991)
• 1911 - Syd Howe, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1976)
• 1912 - Kurt Lotz, German business executive, second postwar CEO of Volkswagen (d. 2005)
• 1914 - Jack Cardiff, British film director
• 1916 - Rossano Brazzi, Italian singer and actor (d. 1994)
• 1916 - John Jacob Rhodes, American politician and lawyer (d. 2003)
• 1916 - Frank Bell (educator), British educator (d. 1989)
• 1917 - June Foray, American voice actress
• 1917 - Francis Parker Yockey, author of Imperium (d. 1960)
• 1918 - John Berger, English politician
• 1920 - Jack Warden, American actor (d. 2006)
• 1922 - Grayson Hall, American actress (d. 1985)
• 1922 - Ray Steadman-Allen, English composer
• 1923 - Peter Smithson, English architect (d. 2003)
• 1923 - Queen Anne of Romania
• 1925 - Harvey Haddix, American baseball player (d. 1994)
• 1926 - Bud Greenspan, American film producer
• 1926 - Bob Toski, American golfer
• 1927 - Phyllis Kirk, American actress (d. 2006)
• 1929 - Nancy Littlefield, American film producer (d. 2007)
• 1932 - Nikolai Rukavishnikov, Soviet cosmonaut (d. 2002)
• 1933 - Scotty Bowman, Canadian ice hockey coach
• 1933 - Robert Blake (actor), American actor
• 1933 - Jimmie Rodgers (pop singer), American singer and composer
• 1933 - Robert Foster Bennett, American senator (Utah)
• 1935 - John Spencer (snooker player), English former snooker player (d. 2006)
• 1937 - Ralph Backstrom, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1939 - Frankie Avalon, American musician
• 1939 - Jorge Sampaio, former President of Portugal
• 1939 - Fred Willard, American comedian
• 1939 - Harald Heide-Steen Jr., Norwegian actor
• 1944 - Michael Franks, American musician
• 1944 - Charles L. Veach, American astronaut (d. 1995)
• 1944 - Rocío Jurado, Spanish singer and actress (d. 2006)
• 1946 - Nicholas Clay, English actor (d. 2000)
• 1946 - Otis Sistrunk, American football player
• 1947 - Giancarlo Minardi, Italian motor racing team boss
• 1948 - Ken Brett, American baseball player (d. 2003)
• 1949 - Jim McCrery, American politician
• 1949 - Mo Mowlam, British politician (d. 2005)
• 1949 - Peter Shilton, English footballer
• 1949 - Kerry Livgren, American singer (Kansas (band))
• 1950 - Shabana Azmi, Indian actress
• 1950 - Darryl Sittler, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1950 - Anna Deavere Smith, American actress and playwright
• 1951 - Benjamin Carson, American neurosurgeon
• 1951 - Darryl Stingley, American football player (d. 2007)
• 1951 - Marc Surer, Swiss motor racing driver
• 1952 - Rick Pitino, American basketball coach
• 1952 - Dee Dee Ramone, American bassist (The Ramones) (d. 2002)
• 1953 - Betsy Boze nee: Vogel, American Academic
• 1954 - Murtaza Bhutto, Pakistani politician (d. 1996)
• 1954 - Takao Doi, Japanese astronaut
• 1954 - Dennis Johnson, American basketball player (d. 2007)
• 1955 - Bob Papenbrook, American voice actor (d. 2006)
• 1956 - Peter Šťastný, Slovak ice hockey player
• 1958 - John Aldridge, Irish footballer
• 1958 - Don Geronimo, Radio personality of the Don & Mike Show
• 1959 - Ryne Sandberg, American baseball player
• 1959 - Ian Arkwright, English footballer
• 1961 - James Gandolfini, American actor
• 1962 - Joanne Catherall, English singer
• 1962 - John Fashanu, English footballer
• 1963 - Rob Brettle, British historian
• 1964 - Marco Masini, Italian singer-songwriter
• 1964 - Holly Robinson Peete, American actress
• 1967 - Ricky Bell (singer), American singer (New Edition, Bell Biv DeVoe)
• 1967 - Tara Fitzgerald, English actress
• 1968 - Toni Kukoč, Croatian basketball player
• 1968 - Cappadonna, American rapper
• 1970 - Darren Gough, English cricketer
• 1970 - Dan Eldon, British photojournalist (d. 1993)
• 1970 - Aisha Tyler, American actress and comedian
• 1971 - Lance Armstrong, American cyclist
• 1971 - Anna Netrebko, Russian opera singer
• 1971 - Jada Pinkett Smith, American model and actress
• 1972 - David Jefferies, British Motorcycle sport (d. 2003)
• 1973 - Paul Brousseau, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1973 - James Marsden, American actor
• 1973 - Ami Onuki, Japanese singer (Puffy Amiyumi)
• 1973 - Mark Shuttleworth, South African entrepreneur
• 1974 - Sol Campbell, English footballer
• 1974 - Ticha Penicheiro, Portuguese basketball player
• 1974 - Xzibit, American rapper
• 1975 - Kanstantsin Lukashyk, Belarusian pistol shooter
• 1977 - Li Tie, Chinese footballer
• 1978 - Pilar López de Ayala, Spanish actress
• 1979 - Alison Lohman, American actress
• 1979 - Daniel Aranzubia, Spanish footballer
• 1982 - Lukas Reimann (Swiss politician)
• 1983 - Kevin Doyle, Irish footballer
• 1986 - Keeley Hazell, British model
• 1988 - Annette Obrestad, Norwegian poker player
• 1989 - Anthony Romanelli, Italian film maker

Deaths

• 96 - Domitian, Roman Emperor (b. 51)
• 887 - Pietro I Candiano, Doge of Venice (killed in battle)
• 1180 - King Louis VII of France (b. 1120)
• 1598 - Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Japanese warlord (b. 1536)
• 1630 - Melchior Klesl, Austrian cardinal and statesman (b. 1552)
• 1663 - St Joseph of Cupertino, Italian saint (b. 1603)
• 1675 - Charles IV, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1604)
• 1721 - Matthew Prior, English poet and diplomat (b. 1664)
• 1722 - André Dacier, French classical scholar (b. 1651)
• 1783 - Leonhard Euler, Swiss mathematician (b. 1707)
• 1783 - Benjamin Kennicott, English churchman and Hebrew scholar (b. 1718)
• 1792 - August Gottlieb Spangenberg, German religious leader (b. 1704)
• 1827 - Robert Pollok, Scottish poet (b. 1789)
• 1830 - William Hazlitt, English essayist (b. 1778)
• 1860 - Joseph Locke, English railway builder and civil engineer (b. 1805)
• 1872 - King Charles XV of Sweden / Charles XV of Sweden of Sweden and Norway (b. 1826)
• 1891 - William Ferrel, American mathematician (b. 1817)
• 1896 - Hippolyte Fizeau, French physicist (b. 1819)
• 1905 - George MacDonald, Scottish writer and minister (b. 1824)
• 1911 - Pyotr Stolypin, Russian politician (b. 1862)
• 1924 - Francis Herbert Bradley, British philosopher (b. 1846)
• 1939 - Stanislaw Ignacy Witkiewicz, Polish writer, painter, and photographer (b. 1885)
• 1944 - Robert G. Cole American Paratrooper of the 101st, 502nd division (b. 1915)
• 1949 - Frank Morgan, American actor (b. 1890)
• 1953 - Charles de Tornaco, Belgian racing driver (b. 1927)
• 1956 - Adélard Godbout, List of Quebec premiers (b. 1892)
• 1959 - Benjamin Péret, French surrealist author
• 1961 - Dag Hammarskjöld, Swedish United Nations Secretary-General and distinguished economist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1905)
• 1964 - Clive Bell, English art critic (b. 1881)
• 1964 - Sean O'Casey, Irish writer (b. 1880)
• 1967 - John Cockcroft, British physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1897)
• 1970 - Jimi Hendrix, American musician (b. 1942)
• 1977 - Paul Bernays, Swiss mathematician (b. 1888)
• 1980 - Katherine Anne Porter, American novelist (b. 1890)
• 1994 - Vitas Gerulaitis, American tennis player (b. 1954)
• 1997 - Jimmy Witherspoon, blues singer (b. 1920)
• 2001 - Ernie Coombs, Canadian entertainer (b. 1927)
• 2002 - Bob Hayes, American athlete (b. 1942)
• 2002 - Mauro Ramos, Brazilian football player (b. 1930)
• 2003 - Emil Fackenheim, German Holocaust survivor and philosopher (b. 1916)
• 2003 - Bob Mitchell (UK politician), British politician (b. 1927)
• 2004 - Norman Cantor, Canadian historian (b. 1929)
• 2004 - Russ Meyer, American film director (b. 1922)
• 2005 - Michael Park (rally co-pilot), British Rally co-driver (b. 1966)
• 2007 - Pepsi Tate Bassist from the glam-rock band, tigertailz

Holidays and observances

• In Greek mythology, the fifth day of the Eleusinian Mysteries.
• Calendar of Saints - Feast day of St Joseph of Cupertino, Methodius of Olympus, Richardis, and Eustorgius I.
• Also see September 18 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics).
• Chile - Independence Day (first Military dictatorship 1810).

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

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Events

• 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated.
• 324 - Constantine the Great decisively defeats Licinius in the Battle of Chrysopolis, establishing Constantine's sole control over the Roman Empire.
• 1180 - Philip Augustus becomes king of France.
• 1454 - In the Battle of Chojnice, the Poland army is defeated by Teutonic Knights army during the Thirteen Years' War.
• 1502 - Christopher Columbus lands at Costa Rica on his fourth, and final, voyage.
• 1544 - Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and Francis I of France sign peace treaty (Truce of Crepy-en-Laonnois)
• 1573 - Spain attack on Alkmaar.
• 1615 - Thomas Row, the first British messenger came to India.
• 1635 - Emperor Ferdinand II declares war on France.
• 1679 - New Hampshire becomes a county of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
• 1739 - The Treaty of Belgrade is signed, ceding Belgrade to the Ottoman Empire.
• 1759 - The Kingdom of Great Britain capture Quebec City.
• 1793 - The first cornerstone of the United States Capitol is laid by George Washington.
• 1809 - Royal Opera House in London opens.
• 1810 - Primera Junta in Chile. Though supposed to rule only in the absence of the king, it was in fact the first step towards independence from Spain, and it is commemorated as such.
• 1812 - Fire of Moscow (1812) fades down after destroying more than three quarters of the city. Napoleon returns from Petrovsky Palace to Moscow Kremlin, spared from the fire.
• 1830 - A horse beats the first U.S.-made locomotive in a race near Baltimore.
• 1837 - Tiffany and Co. (first named Tiffany & Young) is founded by Charles Lewis Tiffany and John B. Young in New York City, New York. The store was called a "stationery and fancy goods emporium".
• 1838 - Anti-Corn Law League established by Richard Cobden.
• 1850 - The Congress of the United States passes the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850.
• 1851 - The New-York Daily Times, which will become The New York Times, begins publishing.
• 1863 - American Civil War: Battle of Chickamauga.
• 1872 - King Oscar II of Sweden accedes to the throne of Sweden-Norway.
• 1873 - The Panic of 1873 begins.
• 1879 - Blackpool illuminations were switched on for the first time.
• 1882 - Pacific Stock Exchange opens.
• 1885 - Riots break out in Montreal to protest compulsory smallpox vaccination.
• 1895 - Booker T Washington delivers "Atlanta Compromise" address.
• 1895 - Daniel David Palmer gives the first chiropractic adjustment.
• 1898 - Fashoda Incident - Horatio Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener ships reach Fashoda, Sudan.
• 1906 - A typhoon with tsunami kills an estimated 10,000 people in Hong Kong.
• 1910 - In Amsterdam, 25,000 demonstrate for general suffrage.
• 1911 - Russian Premier Peter Stolypin shot at the Kiev Opera House
• 1911 - All workers go on general strike in Valencia, Spain
• 1914 - The Home Rule Act 1914 becomes law, but is delayed until after World War I.
• 1914 - World War I: South African troops land in German South West Africa.
• 1919 - The Netherlands gives women the right to vote.
• 1919 - Fritz Pollard becomes the first African-American to play professional Football (American) for a major team, the Akron Pros.
• 1922 - Hungary admitted to League of Nations.
• 1927 - Columbia Broadcasting System goes on the air.
• 1928 - Juan de la Cierva makes first autogyro crossing of the English Channel.
• 1931 - The Mukden Incident gives Japan the pretext to invade and occupy Manchuria.
• 1932 - Actress Peg Entwistle commits suicide by jumping from the letter "H" in the Hollywood sign.
• 1934 - USSR admitted to League of Nations.
• 1939 - World War II: Poland government of Ignacy Mościcki flees to Romania.
• 1939 - William Joyce first Nazi propaganda broadcast.
• 1940 - World War II: Italy troops conquer Sidi Barrani.
• 1942 - Canadian Broadcasting Corporation authorized.
• 1943 - World War II: The Jews of Minsk are massacred at Sobibór.
• 1943 - World War II: Adolf Hitler orders deportation of Denmark Jews.
• 1944 - World War II: United Kingdom submarine HMS Tradewind torpedoes Junyō Maru, 5,600 killed.
• 1945 - Gen. Douglas MacArthur moves his command headquarters to Tokyo.
• 1945 - In Gary, Indiana, 1000 whites walk out of schools to protest integration.
• 1947 - The United States Air Force becomes an independent service.
• 1947 - Country singers Ernest Tubb and Roy Acuff perform at Carnegie Hall in New York City, making it the venue's first country performance.
• 1948 - Communist Madiun uprising in Dutch Indies.
• 1948 - Margaret Chase Smith becomes the first woman elected to the United States Senate without completing another senator's term when she defeats Democratic Party of the United States opponent Adrian Scolten.
• 1948 - Ralph Bunche confirmed as acting UN mediator for Palestine and Israel.
• 1948 - Yoni Abramski, 12-year-old Israeli boy, shot and killed by Jordanian sniper in Jerusalem.
• 1959 - Vanguard 3 launched into Earth orbit.
• 1960 - Fidel Castro arrives in New York City as the head of the Cuba delegation to the United Nations.
• 1961 - U.N. Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld dies in a plane crash while attempting to negotiate peace in the war-torn Katanga Province region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
• 1962 - Rwanda, Burundi and Jamaica admitted to the United Nations.
• 1963 - The last game at the Polo Grounds is played.
• 1964 - Constantine II of Greece marries Queen Anne-Marie of Greece.
• 1964 - North Vietnamese Army begins infiltration of South Vietnam.
• 1967 - Esporte Clube Santo André, of Brazil, is founded.
• 1970 - Jimi Hendrix found dead in his basement in London.
• 1972 - First Uganda expelled by Idi Amin arrive in the UK.
• 1973 - East Germany and West Germany are admitted to the United Nations.
• 1974 - Hurricane Fifi strikes Honduras with 110 mph winds, killing 5,000 people.
• 1975 - Patty Hearst is arrested after a year on the FBI Most Wanted List.
• 1976 - Mao Tse Tung's funeral takes place in Beijing.
• 1977 - Voyager I takes 1st space photograph of Earth & Moon together.
• 1978 - Leaders of Israel and Egypt reach a settlement for the Middle East at Camp David.
• 1980 - Soyuz 38 carries 2 cosmonauts (1 Cubans) to Salyut 6.
• 1981 - Assemblée Nationale votes to abolish capital punishment in France
• 1982 - Christian militia begin massacre of 600 Palestinians in Lebanon.
• 1983 - Rock band Kiss (band) unmasks for the first time in an appearance on MTV to coincide with the release of new album Lick It Up.
• 1984 - Joe Kittinger completes first solo balloon crossing of the Atlantic.
• 1987 - Ronald Reagan announces joint destruction of nuclear warheads by USA and USSR.
• 1988 - End of 8888 Uprising in Myanmar after a bloody military coup by the State Law and Order Restoration Council. Thousands, mostly monks and civilians (primarily students) were killed by the Myanmar Armed Forces.
• 1989 - Hurricane Hugo hits Puerto Rico, killing six.
• 1990 - Liechtenstein becomes a member of the United Nations.
• 1991 - Yugoslavia began a naval blockade of 7 Adriatic port cities.
• 1992 - An explosion rocks Giant Mine at the height of a labour dispute, killing 9 replacement workers.
• 1997 - U.S. media magnate Ted Turner donates USD $1 billion to the United Nations.
• 1997 - Voters in Wales vote yes (50.3%) on a referendum on Wales autonomy.
• 1998 - ICANN is formed.
• 2001 - First mailing of anthrax letters from Trenton, New Jersey, New Jersey in the 2001 anthrax attacks.
• 2002 - The body of missing schoolgirl Amanda Dowler is found in Yateley heath in Hampshire, ending a six-month search.
• 2003 - Hurricane Isabel makes landfall in the U.S.
• 2003 - The United Kingdom's Local Government Act 2003, repealing Section 28, receives Royal Assent.
• 2004 - Ford put Jaguar Racing and Cosworth up for sale.
• 2006 - Right wing protesters 2006_protests_in_Hungary#Riot_and_violence the buliding of the Magyar_Televízió in Budapest, Hungary, one day after an 2006_protests_in_Hungary#Audio_recording, on which Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsány admitted he and his Hungarian_Socialist_Party lied during the Hungarian_parliamentary_election%2C_2006.
• 2007 - Pervez Musharraf announces that he will step down as army chief and restore civilian rule to Pakistan, but only after he is re-elected president
• 2007 - Bhikkhu join anti-government protesters in Myanmar, starting what some call the 2007 Burmese anti-government protests

Births

• 53 - Trajan, Roman Emperor (d. 117)
• 1505 - Maria of Austria, wife of Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia (d. 1558)
• 1587 - Francesca Caccini, Italian composer (d. circa 1640)
• 1643 - Gilbert Burnet, Scottish Bishop of Salisbury (d. 1715)
• 1684 - Johann Gottfried Walther, German composer (d. 1748)
• 1709 - Samuel Johnson, English writer and lexicographer (d. 1784)
• 1718 - Nikita Ivanovich Panin, Russian statesman (d. 1783)
• 1733 - George Read (signer), signer of the United States Declaration of Independence (d. 1798)
• 1750 - Tomás de Iriarte y Oropesa, Spanish writer (d. 1791)
• 1752 - Adrien-Marie Legendre, French mathematician (d. 1833)
• 1765 - Pope Gregory XVI (d. 1846)
• 1779 - Joseph Story, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (d. 1845)
• 1786 - Justinus Kerner, German poet (d. 1862)
• 1812 - Herschel Vespasian Johnson, American politician (d. 1880)
• 1819 - Leon Foucault, French physicist (d. 1868)
• 1837 - Aires de Ornelas e Vasconcelos, (Portuguese) Archbishop of Goa (d. 1880)
• 1838 - Anton Mauve, Dutch artist (d. 1888)
• 1857 - John Hessin Clarke, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (d. 1945)
• 1859 - Lincoln Loy McCandless, American cattle rancher (d. 1940)
• 1858 - Kate Booth, the oldest daughter of William Booth and Catherine Booth (d. 1955)
• 1863 - Hermann Kutter, Swiss theologian (d. 1931)
• 1870 - Clark Wissler, American anthropologist (d. 1947)
• 1875 - Tomas Burgos, Chilean philanthropist (d.1945)
• 1876 - James Scullin, 9th Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1953)
• 1883 - Gerald Hugh Tyrwhitt-Wilson, British composer (d. 1950)
• 1889 - Doris Blackburn, Australian politician (d. 1970)
• 1893 - Arthur Benjamin, Australian composer (d. 1960)
• 1893 - William March, American writer (d. 1954)
• 1895 - Tomoji Tanabe, the oldest man in the world as of June 2007
• 1895 - John Diefenbaker, 13th Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1979)
• 1901 - Harold Clurman, American film producer (d. 1980)
• 1905 - Eddie Anderson (comedian), American actor (d. 1977)
• 1905 - Agnes de Mille, American choreographer (d. 1993)
• 1905 - Greta Garbo, Swedish actress (d. 1990)
• 1907 - Leon Askin, Austrian actor (d. 2005)
• 1907 - Edwin McMillan, Nobel Prize in Chemistry (d. 1991)
• 1911 - Syd Howe, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1976)
• 1912 - Kurt Lotz, German business executive, second postwar CEO of Volkswagen (d. 2005)
• 1914 - Jack Cardiff, British film director
• 1916 - Rossano Brazzi, Italian singer and actor (d. 1994)
• 1916 - John Jacob Rhodes, American politician and lawyer (d. 2003)
• 1916 - Frank Bell (educator), British educator (d. 1989)
• 1917 - June Foray, American voice actress
• 1917 - Francis Parker Yockey, author of Imperium (d. 1960)
• 1918 - John Berger, English politician
• 1920 - Jack Warden, American actor (d. 2006)
• 1922 - Grayson Hall, American actress (d. 1985)
• 1922 - Ray Steadman-Allen, English composer
• 1923 - Peter Smithson, English architect (d. 2003)
• 1923 - Queen Anne of Romania
• 1925 - Harvey Haddix, American baseball player (d. 1994)
• 1926 - Bud Greenspan, American film producer
• 1926 - Bob Toski, American golfer
• 1927 - Phyllis Kirk, American actress (d. 2006)
• 1929 - Nancy Littlefield, American film producer (d. 2007)
• 1932 - Nikolai Rukavishnikov, Soviet cosmonaut (d. 2002)
• 1933 - Scotty Bowman, Canadian ice hockey coach
• 1933 - Robert Blake (actor), American actor
• 1933 - Jimmie Rodgers (pop singer), American singer and composer
• 1933 - Robert Foster Bennett, American senator (Utah)
• 1935 - John Spencer (snooker player), English former snooker player (d. 2006)
• 1937 - Ralph Backstrom, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1939 - Frankie Avalon, American musician
• 1939 - Jorge Sampaio, former President of Portugal
• 1939 - Fred Willard, American comedian
• 1939 - Harald Heide-Steen Jr., Norwegian actor
• 1944 - Michael Franks, American musician
• 1944 - Charles L. Veach, American astronaut (d. 1995)
• 1944 - Rocío Jurado, Spanish singer and actress (d. 2006)
• 1946 - Nicholas Clay, English actor (d. 2000)
• 1946 - Otis Sistrunk, American football player
• 1947 - Giancarlo Minardi, Italian motor racing team boss
• 1948 - Ken Brett, American baseball player (d. 2003)
• 1949 - Jim McCrery, American politician
• 1949 - Mo Mowlam, British politician (d. 2005)
• 1949 - Peter Shilton, English footballer
• 1949 - Kerry Livgren, American singer (Kansas (band))
• 1950 - Shabana Azmi, Indian actress
• 1950 - Darryl Sittler, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1950 - Anna Deavere Smith, American actress and playwright
• 1951 - Benjamin Carson, American neurosurgeon
• 1951 - Darryl Stingley, American football player (d. 2007)
• 1951 - Marc Surer, Swiss motor racing driver
• 1952 - Rick Pitino, American basketball coach
• 1952 - Dee Dee Ramone, American bassist (The Ramones) (d. 2002)
• 1953 - Betsy Boze nee: Vogel, American Academic
• 1954 - Murtaza Bhutto, Pakistani politician (d. 1996)
• 1954 - Takao Doi, Japanese astronaut
• 1954 - Dennis Johnson, American basketball player (d. 2007)
• 1955 - Bob Papenbrook, American voice actor (d. 2006)
• 1956 - Peter Šťastný, Slovak ice hockey player
• 1958 - John Aldridge, Irish footballer
• 1958 - Don Geronimo, Radio personality of the Don & Mike Show
• 1959 - Ryne Sandberg, American baseball player
• 1959 - Ian Arkwright, English footballer
• 1961 - James Gandolfini, American actor
• 1962 - Joanne Catherall, English singer
• 1962 - John Fashanu, English footballer
• 1963 - Rob Brettle, British historian
• 1964 - Marco Masini, Italian singer-songwriter
• 1964 - Holly Robinson Peete, American actress
• 1967 - Ricky Bell (singer), American singer (New Edition, Bell Biv DeVoe)
• 1967 - Tara Fitzgerald, English actress
• 1968 - Toni Kukoč, Croatian basketball player
• 1968 - Cappadonna, American rapper
• 1970 - Darren Gough, English cricketer
• 1970 - Dan Eldon, British photojournalist (d. 1993)
• 1970 - Aisha Tyler, American actress and comedian
• 1971 - Lance Armstrong, American cyclist
• 1971 - Anna Netrebko, Russian opera singer
• 1971 - Jada Pinkett Smith, American model and actress
• 1972 - David Jefferies, British Motorcycle sport (d. 2003)
• 1973 - Paul Brousseau, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1973 - James Marsden, American actor
• 1973 - Ami Onuki, Japanese singer (Puffy Amiyumi)
• 1973 - Mark Shuttleworth, South African entrepreneur
• 1974 - Sol Campbell, English footballer
• 1974 - Ticha Penicheiro, Portuguese basketball player
• 1974 - Xzibit, American rapper
• 1975 - Kanstantsin Lukashyk, Belarusian pistol shooter
• 1977 - Li Tie, Chinese footballer
• 1978 - Pilar López de Ayala, Spanish actress
• 1979 - Alison Lohman, American actress
• 1979 - Daniel Aranzubia, Spanish footballer
• 1982 - Lukas Reimann (Swiss politician)
• 1983 - Kevin Doyle, Irish footballer
• 1986 - Keeley Hazell, British model
• 1988 - Annette Obrestad, Norwegian poker player
• 1989 - Anthony Romanelli, Italian film maker

Deaths

• 96 - Domitian, Roman Emperor (b. 51)
• 887 - Pietro I Candiano, Doge of Venice (killed in battle)
• 1180 - King Louis VII of France (b. 1120)
• 1598 - Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Japanese warlord (b. 1536)
• 1630 - Melchior Klesl, Austrian cardinal and statesman (b. 1552)
• 1663 - St Joseph of Cupertino, Italian saint (b. 1603)
• 1675 - Charles IV, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1604)
• 1721 - Matthew Prior, English poet and diplomat (b. 1664)
• 1722 - André Dacier, French classical scholar (b. 1651)
• 1783 - Leonhard Euler, Swiss mathematician (b. 1707)
• 1783 - Benjamin Kennicott, English churchman and Hebrew scholar (b. 1718)
• 1792 - August Gottlieb Spangenberg, German religious leader (b. 1704)
• 1827 - Robert Pollok, Scottish poet (b. 1789)
• 1830 - William Hazlitt, English essayist (b. 1778)
• 1860 - Joseph Locke, English railway builder and civil engineer (b. 1805)
• 1872 - King Charles XV of Sweden / Charles XV of Sweden of Sweden and Norway (b. 1826)
• 1891 - William Ferrel, American mathematician (b. 1817)
• 1896 - Hippolyte Fizeau, French physicist (b. 1819)
• 1905 - George MacDonald, Scottish writer and minister (b. 1824)
• 1911 - Pyotr Stolypin, Russian politician (b. 1862)
• 1924 - Francis Herbert Bradley, British philosopher (b. 1846)
• 1939 - Stanislaw Ignacy Witkiewicz, Polish writer, painter, and photographer (b. 1885)
• 1944 - Robert G. Cole American Paratrooper of the 101st, 502nd division (b. 1915)
• 1949 - Frank Morgan, American actor (b. 1890)
• 1953 - Charles de Tornaco, Belgian racing driver (b. 1927)
• 1956 - Adélard Godbout, List of Quebec premiers (b. 1892)
• 1959 - Benjamin Péret, French surrealist author
• 1961 - Dag Hammarskjöld, Swedish United Nations Secretary-General and distinguished economist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1905)
• 1964 - Clive Bell, English art critic (b. 1881)
• 1964 - Sean O'Casey, Irish writer (b. 1880)
• 1967 - John Cockcroft, British physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1897)
• 1970 - Jimi Hendrix, American musician (b. 1942)
• 1977 - Paul Bernays, Swiss mathematician (b. 1888)
• 1980 - Katherine Anne Porter, American novelist (b. 1890)
• 1994 - Vitas Gerulaitis, American tennis player (b. 1954)
• 1997 - Jimmy Witherspoon, blues singer (b. 1920)
• 2001 - Ernie Coombs, Canadian entertainer (b. 1927)
• 2002 - Bob Hayes, American athlete (b. 1942)
• 2002 - Mauro Ramos, Brazilian football player (b. 1930)
• 2003 - Emil Fackenheim, German Holocaust survivor and philosopher (b. 1916)
• 2003 - Bob Mitchell (UK politician), British politician (b. 1927)
• 2004 - Norman Cantor, Canadian historian (b. 1929)
• 2004 - Russ Meyer, American film director (b. 1922)
• 2005 - Michael Park (rally co-pilot), British Rally co-driver (b. 1966)
• 2007 - Pepsi Tate Bassist from the glam-rock band, tigertailz

Holidays and observances

• In Greek mythology, the fifth day of the Eleusinian Mysteries.
• Calendar of Saints - Feast day of St Joseph of Cupertino, Methodius of Olympus, Richardis, and Eustorgius I.
• Also see September 18 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics).
• Chile - Independence Day (first Military dictatorship 1810).

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

September 18 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
September 18 is the 261st day of the year (262nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 104 days remaining until the end of the year.

Kerrang! September 18, 2008
Paramore record soundtrack for vampire flick: Hayley and co work on score for big screen adaptation of Stephanie Mayer novel.

BBC ON THIS DAY | Front Page
Video and audio for this day in history from the BBC news archive 1950-2002.

The Q Daily / September 18, 2008
Links Babylon! Oasis supervise buskers, Jack White unveils his Bond theme, Phil Collins plays a bar stool and Ben Kingsley goes all punk ...

BBC ON THIS DAY | Front Page
1988: Latvia cries freedom from Moscow. Thousands of Latvians start a mass movement to press Moscow for greater independence from the Soviet Union.

What's On: September 18 to 25
Whitehaven: Presence of Place, The Printmakers Council, The Beacon, until November 1. Cockermouth: Painting Out Loud, Venus Griffiths, Percy House Gallery, Saturday until October 1 ...

September 18, 2008
Minutes of the Meeting of the Association (Awaiting approval)   Date: 18 th September   2008       Place: Civic Offices, Basingstoke & Deane Borough Council

Monday September 18 2006 | Media | MediaGuardian.co.uk
A signal change Does digital mean the death of traditional broadcasting? Owen Gibson and Maggie Brown asked the top names in the TV industry at last week's Royal Television Society ...

On-This-Day.com - September 18
On-This-Day.com: Daily historical facts and events, famous birthdays, celebrity birthdays, u.s. history, united states history, world history, music history and Quote of the Day.

Work - Thursday, September 18
Thursday, September 18 Work Calendar «